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Updated: Mar 23, 2026

In Situ Lithiated Reference Electrode: Four Electrode Design for In-operando Impedance Spectroscopy
Published on: September 12, 2018
Monitoring early zeolite formation via in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
G Brabants1, S Lieben2, E Breynaert2
1Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. christine.kirschhock@biw.kuleuven.be and Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.
Abstract:
Hitherto zeolite formation has not been fully understood. Although electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has proven to be a versatile tool for characterizing ionic solutions, it was never used for monitoring zeolite growth. We show here that EIS can quantitatively monitor zeolite formation, especially during crucial early steps where other methods fall short.

