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Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.

Halogens

Halogens

Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group.

Halogenation of Alkenes

Halogenation of Alkenes

Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.

Alkyl Halides

Alkyl Halides

Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Overview of Valence Bond Theory

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Halogen bonding between metal centers and halocarbons.

Daniil M Ivanov¹, Alexander S Novikov¹, Ivan V Ananyev²

¹Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation. v.kukushkin@spbu.ru.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)

|March 30, 2016

Summary

Metal-involving halogen bonding was observed between iodoform and platinum(II) complexes. This interaction, including a unique bifurcated bond, was confirmed through theoretical analysis.

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Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Supramolecular Chemistry
Crystallography

Background:

Halogen bonding is a non-covalent interaction involving an electrophilic region on a halogen atom.
Metal-involved halogen bonding expands this concept to interactions with metal centers.
Understanding these interactions is crucial for designing novel materials and catalysts.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and characterize metal-involving halogen bonding in iodoform (CHI3) associates.
To explore the interaction between iodoform and a series of trans-[PtX2(NCNAlk2)2] complexes.
To theoretically confirm the observed halogen bonding interactions and transformations.

Main Methods:

Synthesis and crystallographic analysis of iodoform-platinum(II) complex associates.
Experimental observation of metal-involving halogen bonding.
Theoretical calculations to confirm bonding modes and transformations.

Main Results:

Detection of metal-involving halogen bonding, specifically HI2C-Iη(1)(Pt) bonding.
Observation of a bifurcated HI2C-Iη(2)(Pt-Cl) halogen bond.
Confirmation of a thermally induced reversible transformation of the bifurcated bond.

Conclusions:

Metal-involved halogen bonding is a viable interaction with platinum(II) complexes.
The study reveals a novel bifurcated halogen bond capable of reversible transformation.
Theoretical confirmation supports the experimental findings and highlights the dynamic nature of these interactions.