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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

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 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
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Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management01:23

Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management

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During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

728
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
14:52

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Published on: December 11, 2013

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Padma 28 for intermittent claudication.

Marlene Stewart1, Joanne R Morling, Heather Maxwell

  • 1Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, UK, EH8 9AG.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|March 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Padma 28 may improve walking distance for intermittent claudication (IC) patients in the short term, but evidence quality is low. Further research is needed to confirm its effectiveness and long-term benefits for IC management.

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Herbal Medicine

Background:

  • Intermittent claudication (IC) is characterized by exercise-induced limb pain due to chronic occlusive arterial disease.
  • Current drug treatments for IC offer limited improvements in walking distance.
  • Padma 28, a Tibetan herbal preparation, is used for IC, but its efficacy beyond placebo is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of Padma 28 in increasing pain-free and maximum walking distances for patients with IC.
  • To compare Padma 28 against placebo or other pharmacological treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • Searched Cochrane Vascular Trials Register, CENTRAL, and clinical trials databases up to September 2015.
  • Included five RCTs with 365 participants comparing Padma 28 with placebo.

Main Results:

  • Padma 28 significantly increased pain-free and maximum walking distances compared to placebo (MD 95.97 m, P < 0.00001).
  • No significant effect on ankle-brachial index (ABI).
  • Mild side effects (gastrointestinal discomfort, tiredness, skin eruption) were reported but not significantly different between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Padma 28 may offer short-term benefits in increasing walking distance for IC patients.
  • Evidence quality is limited by small sample sizes, reporting bias, and high withdrawal rates.
  • Insufficient evidence exists for routine IC management; further well-designed research is required.