Updating and testing of a Finnish method for mixed municipal solid waste composition studies

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Waste Management
• Circular Economy

Background:

• Efficient municipal solid waste (MSW) recycling is crucial for Europe's circular economy goals.
• Finland needs to significantly increase MSW recycling rates.
• A standardized method for MSW composition studies was previously introduced in Finland.

Purpose of the Study:

• To further develop the existing MSW composition study method for practical application and enhanced information gathering.
• To align the method with current information needs driven by recycling intensification and waste regulations.
• To improve the national comparability of MSW composition study results.

Main Methods:

• A survey was conducted to understand information needs regarding MSW composition.
• Two mixed MSW composition studies were performed.
• The existing classification system was updated based on survey responses and study findings.

Main Results:

• Survey respondents indicated a high need for information on biowaste composition.
• Biowaste was identified as the largest fraction in mixed MSW, exceeding 40% in both studies.
• The updated classification system provides more detailed data on avoidable food waste and recyclable materials.

Conclusions:

• The updated method enhances the classification of biowaste, paper, and paperboard, offering greater insight into recyclable materials.
• The refined method addresses specific information needs related to intensified recycling and waste management policies.
• Widespread adoption of the updated method by municipal waste management companies is anticipated, promoting consistent data collection in Finland.