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Related Concept Videos

Dimensions of Health and Illness01:21

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The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract I: Health History01:28

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Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
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Assessing the gastrointestinal (GI) system is a complex process that begins with collecting subjective data. This data, collected through patient interviews, provides crucial insights into the patient's health history, perception patterns, and lifestyle habits, all contributing significantly to GI health.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

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Expanding Health Technology Assessments to Include Effects on the Environment.

Kevin Marsh1, Michael L Ganz2, John Hsu3

  • 1Evidera Inc., London, UK.

Value in Health : the Journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research
|March 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Integrating environmental impacts into health technology assessment (HTA) is crucial due to climate change affecting public health. Challenges include limited data and methodological suitability for broader environmental concerns.

Keywords:
economic evaluationenvironmental impactshealth technology assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Health Policy
  • Technology Assessment

Background:

  • Growing awareness of human impact on climate necessitates action.
  • Public health decision-makers in Sweden and the UK are beginning to consider environmental impacts in technology assessments.
  • Healthcare is a significant economic sector with notable environmental implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advocate for the inclusion of environmental impacts within the health technology assessment (HTA) process.
  • To identify and discuss the challenges associated with incorporating environmental considerations into HTA.
  • To explore the rationale for integrating environmental factors into healthcare decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current practices in health technology assessment (HTA).
  • Analysis of arguments for and against incorporating environmental impacts into HTA.
  • Discussion of methodological approaches, including cost-utility analysis, cost-benefit analysis, and multicriteria decision analysis.

Main Results:

  • Two key arguments support integrating environmental impacts: direct health effects of environmental changes and broader policy objectives of decision-makers.
  • Significant challenges exist, including an insufficient evidence base for comparing environmental impacts and limitations of cost-utility analysis for broader environmental concerns.
  • Alternative methods like cost-benefit and multicriteria decision analyses are suitable but less familiar to healthcare decision-makers.

Conclusions:

  • Incorporating environmental impacts into HTA is essential for addressing climate change and public health.
  • Further development is needed in evidence generation, methodological adaptation, and understanding decision-maker needs.
  • Systematic integration of environmental data into HTA requires dedicated effort and robust methodologies.