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Inflammatory cells in bronchial asthma.

A B Kay1

  • 1Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart & Lung Institute, London, England.

The Journal of Asthma : Official Journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
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This study explains how immune cells and mediators cause immediate and late-phase asthma reactions. Understanding these interactions, involving mast cells and leukocytes, is key to managing asthma inflammation.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Asthma involves complex interactions between immune cells and chemical mediators.
  • Immediate asthma reactions are driven by mediator release causing bronchoconstriction.
  • Late-phase asthma involves leukocyte infiltration and activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying immediate and late-phase asthma.
  • To highlight the roles of mast cells, leukocytes, and their mediators in asthma pathogenesis.
  • To explore the immunologic and non-immunologic triggers of asthma responses.

Main Methods:

  • Diagrammatic representation of hypersensitivity mediator and leukocyte interactions in asthma.
  • Identification of key mediators (e.g., histamine, PGD2, LTC4/D4, PAF) in early-phase reactions.

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  • Description of leukocyte recruitment and activation pathways in late-phase reactions.

    • Main Results:

    • Mast cells are central to immediate reactions, releasing bronchoconstrictors.
    • Late-phase reactions involve neutrophil, eosinophil, and macrophage infiltration.
    • T-helper cells and regulatory T cells influence the magnitude of late-phase responses.
    • Specific lymphokines and monokines (LIF, EAF, IFN-gamma, TNF) modulate leukocyte activity.

    Conclusions:

    • The interplay of mediators and leukocytes dictates asthma severity and duration.
    • Understanding these pathways offers targets for asthma treatment.
    • Immune cell regulation is critical in controlling asthmatic inflammation.