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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback
06:31

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Published on: June 19, 2016

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Long-Latency Feedback Coordinates Upper-Limb and Hand Muscles during Object Manipulation Tasks.

Frédéric Crevecoeur1, Jean-Louis Thonnard2, Philippe Lefèvre1

  • 1Institute of Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics (ICTEAM), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium.

Eneuro
|March 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Healthy humans use rapid, coordinated muscle responses to maintain grip stability after unexpected arm movements. This involves synchronized feedback in shoulder and hand muscles, with hand responses initiating first to ensure object manipulation success.

Keywords:
feedback controlgrip force controlmotor predictionobject manipulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Maintaining a stable grasp during object manipulation is crucial for everyday tasks.
  • Perturbations to the upper limb trigger rapid, goal-directed feedback responses to counteract disturbances.
  • Understanding the coordination of these responses is key to preventing loss of grip or spills.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how healthy humans maintain grasp stability following perturbations.
  • To examine the spatial tuning of motor responses based on virtual target location.
  • To elucidate the temporal coordination between shoulder and hand muscle feedback.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a paradigm requiring spatial tuning of motor responses to a virtual target.
  • Applied perturbations to the upper limb while participants held an object.
  • Recorded electromyography (EMG) signals from shoulder and hand muscles to analyze muscle activation timing.

Main Results:

  • Identified a synchronized expression of target-directed feedback in shoulder and hand muscles around 60 ms post-perturbation.
  • Observed evidence suggesting earlier initiation of target-directed responses in distal hand muscles compared to proximal shoulder muscles.
  • Demonstrated that long-latency feedback mechanisms coordinate upper limb and hand muscles during perturbation.

Conclusions:

  • Long-latency feedback plays a critical role in coordinating upper limb and hand muscles during object manipulation under perturbation.
  • The timing of muscle activation suggests a feedforward control strategy to anticipate and stabilize grasp.
  • These findings contribute to understanding the neural basis of dexterous motor control.