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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

2.1K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies
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[Specific allergen immunotherapy in autoimmune diseases].

Andrzej Bożek

    Przeglad Lekarski
    |March 31, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Patients with allergies may have a lower risk of developing autoimmune diseases. Allergy immunotherapy (AIT) might further reduce this risk, but more research is needed to confirm these findings in large populations.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Allergology
    • Autoimmunity

    Context:

    • The relationship between allergies and autoimmune diseases is complex and has been studied for decades.
    • Existing beliefs suggest allergies may confer protection against systemic autoimmune conditions, but evidence is limited.
    • The potential influence of pre-existing subclinical autoimmune diseases on allergy treatment outcomes requires consideration.

    Purpose:

    • To investigate the association between allergies and the predisposition to systemic autoimmune diseases.
    • To evaluate the impact of allergy immunotherapy (AIT) on the risk of developing autoimmune diseases.
    • To critically assess the existing documentation and explore the need for further large-scale studies.

    Summary:

    • While some studies suggest a lower predisposition to systemic diseases in allergic patients, this is poorly documented.

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  • There are few reports of autoimmune diseases developing in allergic individuals.
  • Long-term follow-up studies indicate a statistically significant, albeit slight, reduction in autoimmune disease risk for patients undergoing AIT compared to those with allergies not receiving AIT.

    • Impact:

    • Findings suggest a potential protective role of AIT against autoimmune diseases, warranting further investigation.
    • Highlights the need for more extensive research with large patient cohorts to validate these observations.
    • Contributes to a better understanding of the interplay between allergic and autoimmune conditions.