[Total knee arthroplasty. Patient-specific instruments and implants].

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Biomedical Engineering
• Medical Device Design

Background:

• Traditional total knee arthroplasty (TKA) relies on standard implants, which may not perfectly match individual patient anatomy.
• Patient-specific instrumentation and implants offer a potential solution for improving TKA outcomes by tailoring treatment to individual biomechanics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the concept and surgical technique of patient-specific total knee arthroplasty (PS-TKA).
• To highlight the design and fabrication process of patient-specific implants and instruments.
• To outline the implantation steps involved in PS-TKA.

Main Methods:

• Design and fabrication of patient-specific implants and instruments using computed tomography (CT) data.
• Development of disposable patient-specific drill guides and cutting jigs based on anatomical and biomechanical axes.
• Surgical planning based on CT data, followed by a standardized implantation technique including bone resection, preparation, and component insertion.

Main Results:

• The PS-TKA system includes personalized, single-use instruments and individualized implants.
• The technique aims to restore the patient's native knee anatomy and kinematics.
• Preliminary studies indicate promising results for the PS-TKA concept.

Conclusions:

• Patient-specific total knee arthroplasty offers a tailored approach to knee replacement surgery.
• The technology has the potential to improve restoration of knee anatomy and function.
• Further comparative long-term clinical data are needed to fully establish the efficacy of PS-TKA.