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e-MALDI: An Electrowetting-Enhanced Drop Drying Method for MALDI Mass Spectrometry.

Olena Kudina1, Burak Eral2, Frieder Mugele1,2

  • 1Physics of Complex Fluids, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente , PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.

Analytical Chemistry
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Summary

Electrowetting-assisted drying creates smaller, uniform sample spots for matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). This improves signal intensity and reduces variability, eliminating the need to search for optimal analysis areas.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Conventional drop-drying in MALDI-MS leads to heterogeneous matrix and analyte distribution, known as the "coffee stain effect."
  • This heterogeneity compromises MALDI-MS performance and signal reproducibility.
  • Previous research suggested AC-electrowetting could suppress the coffee stain effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the efficacy of electrowetting-assisted drying for MALDI-MS sample preparation.
  • To investigate the impact of electrowetting on spot morphology and MALDI-MS signal quality.
  • To assess the reduction in lateral signal variations for pharmaceutical molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized AC-electrowetting to control the drying process of MALDI matrix solutions and pharmaceutical molecules.
  • Employed specially functionalized electrowetting e-MALDI target plates.
  • Analyzed spot size, homogeneity, and MALDI-MS signal intensity and variation.

Main Results:

  • Electrowetting-assisted drying produced substantially smaller and more homogeneous sample spots.
  • Achieved 2-30x enhanced MALDI-MS signals compared to conventional methods.
  • Significantly reduced lateral variations in MALDI-MS signals.

Conclusions:

  • Electrowetting-assisted drying is a superior method for MALDI-MS sample preparation.
  • Improved spot quality directly translates to enhanced sensitivity and reproducibility.
  • Eliminates the need for "sweet spot" hunting, streamlining the MALDI-MS workflow.