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Related Concept Videos

Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

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The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
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Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

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In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
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Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides02:23

Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides

10.0K
Ethers represent a class of chemical compounds that become more dangerous with prolonged storage because they tend to form explosive peroxides when standing in the air. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly oxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides.
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Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

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In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
18.1K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

8.0K
Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
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Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules

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Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
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Resin-Assisted Capture Coupled with Isobaric Tandem Mass Tag Labeling for Multiplexed Quantification of Protein Thiol Oxidation
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Protein oxidation and peroxidation.

Michael J Davies1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark davies@sund.ku.dk.

The Biochemical Journal
|March 31, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protein oxidation by radicals and oxidants causes significant cellular damage, altering protein structure and function. This damage, particularly protein peroxidation, can inhibit cellular repair mechanisms, potentially contributing to human diseases.

Keywords:
UVamino acid oxidationhydroperoxidesperoxidationperoxidesprotein oxidationradicalssinglet oxygen

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oxidative Stress Research

Background:

  • Proteins are primary targets for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other oxidants in biological systems.
  • Oxidative damage to proteins can manifest as fragmentation, aggregation, unfolding, and altered biological interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms and consequences of protein oxidation by radicals and oxidants.
  • To investigate the role of protein peroxidation in cellular damage and disease pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on protein oxidation mechanisms.
  • Analysis of the chemical reactions involved in radical and oxidant interactions with proteins.
  • Examination of the downstream effects of protein modifications, including peroxide formation and degradation pathways.

Main Results:

  • Highly reactive radicals cause widespread protein damage, while less reactive species exhibit selectivity.
  • Protein peroxidation, forming peroxyl radicals and peroxides, is a major outcome in the presence of O2.
  • Oxidation of cysteine and methionine residues is a common and rapid reaction, impacting protein activity.
  • Protein hydroperoxides are slowly catabolized and can inhibit protein degradation pathways, leading to accumulation.

Conclusions:

  • Protein oxidation is a complex process with diverse consequences for cellular function.
  • Protein peroxidation represents a significant source of cellular damage and may play a role in disease pathogenesis.
  • Further research is needed to establish the causal link between protein oxidation and human pathologies.