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Field Effect Transistor

Field Effect Transistor

Field-effect transistors (FETs) are integral to electronic circuits and distinguished by their three-terminal setup: the gate, drain, and source. These transistors operate as unipolar devices, which utilize either electrons or holes as charge carriers, in contrast to bipolar transistors, which use both types of carriers. The primary function of the FET is to modulate the flow of these carriers from the source to the drain through a channel. The voltage difference between the gate and source...

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A Standard and Reliable Method to Fabricate Two-Dimensional Nanoelectronics

A Standard and Reliable Method to Fabricate Two-Dimensional Nanoelectronics

Published on: August 28, 2018

Graphene-based field effect transistor in two-dimensional paper networks.

Aldrine Abenoja Cagang¹, Irfan Haider Abidi¹, Abhishek Tyagi¹

¹Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.

Analytica Chimica Acta

|March 31, 2016

Summary

Researchers developed a novel graphene-based field effect transistor (GFET) using paper as a gate dielectric and sample holder. This simpler fabrication method enables sensitive detection of molecules like ssDNA and glucose.

Keywords:

Graphene field effect transistors Paper analytical devices Paper microfluidics Two-dimensional paper networks

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Last Updated: Mar 23, 2026

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Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Published on: February 1, 2022

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Biosensors

Background:

Graphene-based field effect transistors (GFETs) offer high sensitivity for molecular detection.
Traditional GFET fabrication can be complex and costly.
Integrating GFETs with low-cost, versatile materials is desirable for broader applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a simplified fabrication of GFETs using paper as a component.
To investigate the performance of paper-integrated GFETs as biosensors.
To analyze the effect of target molecules on GFET electrical characteristics.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of graphene-based field effect transistors (GFETs) integrated into a two-dimensional paper network format (2DPNs).
Utilizing paper as both the gate dielectric and a vessel for solution-based target molecules.
Characterization of GFET device performance, including electron and hole mobilities and Dirac point analysis.
Testing the device response to solutions of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and glucose.

Main Results:

The fabricated paper-integrated GFETs exhibited performance comparable to conventional solution-gated GFETs, with electron and hole mobilities of ~1256 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1) and ~2298 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1), respectively.
A Dirac point was observed around 1 V, indicating typical GFET behavior.
Introduction of ssDNA and glucose solutions induced negative electrolytic gating effects, shifting the conductance minimum and increasing carrier concentrations.
The device showed a concentration-dependent increase in current response upon exposure to target molecules.

Conclusions:

Paper can serve as an effective and simple gate dielectric and sample holder for GFET devices.
The developed 2DPN-based GFETs are suitable for sensitive, label-free detection of biomolecules.
This approach offers a cost-effective and straightforward alternative for fabricating advanced biosensing platforms.