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Violent repression of environmental protests.

Helen M Poulos¹, Mary Alice Haddad²

¹College of the Environment, Wesleyan University, 284 High St., Middletown, CT 06451 USA.

|March 31, 2016

Summary

Peaceful environmental protests are often met with violence, particularly in the Global South, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities. Political factors and resource extraction significantly predict violent repression of these vital climate actions.

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Area of Science:

Environmental sociology
Political science
Human rights studies

Background:

Rising global sea levels and resource demands fuel environmental protests worldwide.
Peaceful environmental activism faces violent repression under specific conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify the conditions leading to violent repression of grassroots environmental protests.
To analyze the factors predicting state and non-state violence against environmental defenders.

Main Methods:

Event analysis of a global database of 175 grassroots environmental protests.
Utilized the random forest algorithm to identify key predictors of violent repression.

Main Results:

37% of analyzed protests experienced violent repression.
56% of violence was directed against marginalized groups.
Geographic concentration of violence in Latin America and Asia (Global South).

Conclusions:

Political empowerment, economic status (GDP per capita), industry type, presence of marginalized groups, and region are primary predictors of protest violence.
Complex interplay of governance, resource extraction, and international funding contributes to human rights violations against environmental activists.