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Polymorphonuclear neutrophils function in splenectomized patients
H Wysocki1, B Wierusz-Wysocka, H Karoń
1Institute of Internal Medicine, Academy of Medicine, Poznań, Poland.
Abstract:
Some essential functions of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) were evaluated in 30 patients splenectomized because of rupture of the spleen. These cells revealed normal random migration, adherence, unstimulated O2- and H2O2 production. Phagocytosis of viable staphylococci was higher than in controls, whereas chemotaxis, bactericidal capacity, aggregation and stimulated O2- and H2O2 production were significantly impaired. PMN from splenectomized patients manifested also the decreased intracellular myeloperoxidase activity. The percentage of cells with receptor for Fc IgG in peripheral blood was markedly decreased. Plasma of these patients induced increased adherence of autologous as well as control neutrophils. The possible mechanisms leading to the observed events are discussed.
Insights
Splenectomy impairs key polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) functions, including chemotaxis and bacterial killing, despite normal initial responses. These immune cell changes may affect infection risk in patients post-splenectomy.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Hematology
Background:
- Splenectomy, the surgical removal of the spleen, can impact immune function.
- Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are critical immune cells involved in fighting bacterial infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the functional status of PMN in patients who have undergone splenectomy due to splenic rupture.
- To identify specific PMN functions that are altered after splenectomy.
Main Methods:
- Assessed random migration, adherence, phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and bactericidal capacity of PMN.
- Measured unstimulated and stimulated oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production.
- Quantified intracellular myeloperoxidase activity and Fc IgG receptor expression on PMN.
Main Results:
- PMN showed normal random migration and adherence but impaired chemotaxis, aggregation, and stimulated O2/H2O2 production.
- Phagocytosis of staphylococci was enhanced, while bactericidal capacity was reduced.
- Decreased intracellular myeloperoxidase activity and Fc IgG receptor expression were observed.
- Patient plasma increased neutrophil adherence, suggesting plasma-mediated effects.
Conclusions:
- Splenectomy significantly impairs crucial PMN functions essential for effective bacterial clearance.
- Altered PMN function and reduced Fc IgG receptor expression may contribute to increased infection susceptibility in asplenic individuals.