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Polymorphonuclear neutrophils function in splenectomized patients.

H Wysocki1, B Wierusz-Wysocka, H Karoń

  • 1Institute of Internal Medicine, Academy of Medicine, Poznań, Poland.

Clinical and Experimental Immunology
|March 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Splenectomy impairs key polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) functions, including chemotaxis and bacterial killing, despite normal initial responses. These immune cell changes may affect infection risk in patients post-splenectomy.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Splenectomy, the surgical removal of the spleen, can impact immune function.
  • Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are critical immune cells involved in fighting bacterial infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the functional status of PMN in patients who have undergone splenectomy due to splenic rupture.
  • To identify specific PMN functions that are altered after splenectomy.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed random migration, adherence, phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and bactericidal capacity of PMN.
  • Measured unstimulated and stimulated oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production.
  • Quantified intracellular myeloperoxidase activity and Fc IgG receptor expression on PMN.

Main Results:

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  • PMN showed normal random migration and adherence but impaired chemotaxis, aggregation, and stimulated O2/H2O2 production.
  • Phagocytosis of staphylococci was enhanced, while bactericidal capacity was reduced.
  • Decreased intracellular myeloperoxidase activity and Fc IgG receptor expression were observed.
  • Patient plasma increased neutrophil adherence, suggesting plasma-mediated effects.

Conclusions:

  • Splenectomy significantly impairs crucial PMN functions essential for effective bacterial clearance.
  • Altered PMN function and reduced Fc IgG receptor expression may contribute to increased infection susceptibility in asplenic individuals.