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Development of Human Microbiota01:30

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Development and Validation of a Methodology for Establishing Obese Rat Models with Typical Fatty Pancreas
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The Gut Bacteria-Driven Obesity Development.

Debora Compare1, Alba Rocco, Marco Sanduzzi Zamparelli

  • 1Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Hepatogastroenterology Unit, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.

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A healthy gut microbiome is crucial for host health. Alterations in gut microbes are linked to obesity, potentially by increasing energy harvest and promoting fat storage.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Metabolic health
  • Obesity science

Background:

  • Gut flora plays a vital role in host health.
  • Gut microbial dysbiosis is linked to disease susceptibility.
  • Obesity is a complex public health issue influenced by multiple factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of gut microbiota in energy homeostasis.
  • To investigate the relationship between gut microbial composition and obesity.
  • To assess the potential of gut microbiota manipulation for obesity treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of germ-free and gnotobiotic mouse models.
  • Human observational studies on gut microbial diversity.
  • Examination of the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio in obese individuals.

Main Results:

  • Gut microbial diversity and the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio are reduced in obese individuals.
  • The 'obese microbiota' may enhance dietary energy harvest, leading to weight gain and fat deposition.
  • Evidence suggests gut microbes actively influence energy balance.

Conclusions:

  • Gut microbiota composition significantly impacts host energy homeostasis.
  • Alterations in gut microbiota are associated with obesity.
  • Targeting gut microbiota presents a promising avenue for obesity prevention and treatment.