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[Progestins and Carcinogenesis].

T A Shchelkunova1,2, I A Morozov3

  • 1Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992 Russia.

Molekuliarnaia Biologiia
|March 31, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Progestins can impact cancer cell growth and spread differently. Numerous factors, including receptor type and cellular environment, dictate whether progestins promote or inhibit tumor progression.

Keywords:
apoptosiscarcinogenesisepithelial-mesenchymal transitionestrogensparacrine regulationprogestinsproliferationreceptorssignaling pathways

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Progesterone and its analogs exhibit complex roles in cell biology.
  • These steroids can influence cell proliferation, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
  • Their effects are context-dependent, impacting cell motility and metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted factors influencing progestin activity in human tumor cells.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which progestins affect proliferation and apoptosis in various cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on progesterone and progestin actions.
  • Analysis of factors modulating steroid hormone receptor activity.
  • Examination of signaling pathways and epigenetic modifications involved.

Main Results:

  • Progestin effects are highly variable, depending on steroid structure, concentration, and receptor affinity.
  • Nongenomic mechanisms and specific progesterone receptor variants play crucial roles.
  • Interplay of signaling pathways, coregulators, chromatin accessibility, and metabolic enzymes determines cellular response.

Conclusions:

  • The ultimate impact of progestins on tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis is determined by a complex interplay of molecular and cellular factors.
  • Understanding these determinants is critical for predicting progestin efficacy and side effects in cancer therapy.
  • Species-specific features and disease stage also significantly modulate progestin actions.