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Case-control study of IDDM.

J Siemiatycki1, E Colle, S Campbell

  • 1Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et médecine préventive, Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval-des-Rapides, Quebec, Canada.

Diabetes Care
|March 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Environmental factors like household crowding, daycare attendance, and significant life stress may increase the risk of childhood insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Further research is needed to confirm these associations.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Epidemiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental factors.
  • Identifying specific environmental triggers for IDDM in children remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate associations between IDDM in children and various biological, chemical, and psychological factors.
  • To identify potential environmental risk factors for childhood IDDM.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 161 children diagnosed with IDDM (aged 0-17) in Montreal (1983-1986).
  • Matched controls (friends, neighbors, or hospital emergency room patients) were selected for each case.
  • Parental interviews were conducted to gather data on biological, chemical, and psychosocial factors.

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Main Results:

  • No significant differences were observed in parental smoking, pet exposure, or nitrosamine-rich meat consumption.
  • Univariate analysis suggested increased risk associated with not being breast-fed, daycare attendance, household crowding, and history of asthma/eczema.
  • Multivariate analysis highlighted household crowding and daycare attendance as significant factors.
  • Both univariate and multivariate analyses indicated a high risk of IDDM associated with stressful life events and psychological dysfunction in the preceding 12 months.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood IDDM risk may be influenced by environmental factors such as household crowding and daycare attendance.
  • Psychological stress and dysfunction preceding IDDM onset appear to be significant risk factors.
  • Further investigation into specific diabetogenic environmental agents is warranted.