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Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
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Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
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Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
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Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
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Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
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Disulfiram neuropathy: two case reports.

Anh Thu Tran1, Richard A Rison2, Said R Beydoun3

  • 1Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street Suite 3000, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Disulfiram therapy can cause peripheral neuropathy, a rare but serious side effect. Early recognition and discontinuation of disulfiram are crucial for symptom improvement and preventing further neurologic damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Disulfiram is a medication used to treat chronic alcohol use disorder.
  • Peripheral neuropathy is a rare but under-recognized adverse effect of disulfiram therapy.
  • Few case reports exist documenting this specific side effect.

Observation:

  • Two cases of disulfiram-induced peripheral neuropathy are presented.
  • Case 1: A 25-year-old woman developed pain and stiffness preventing ambulation after 8 months of disulfiram.
  • Case 2: A 46-year-old woman experienced sudden-onset lower extremity numbness and pain, improving after disulfiram cessation.

Findings:

  • Both patients experienced symptom improvement upon discontinuation of disulfiram.
  • Disulfiram neuropathy often occurs in individuals with a history of chronic alcohol use.
  • This condition is frequently misdiagnosed as alcoholic neuropathy due to comorbidity.

Implications:

  • Increased awareness of disulfiram neuropathy is needed among healthcare professionals.
  • Early identification and withdrawal of disulfiram can mitigate severe neurologic complications.
  • Understanding this adverse effect can improve patient outcomes and treatment management.