Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 23, 2026

ARL Spectral Fitting as an Application to Augment Spectral Data via Franck-Condon Lineshape Analysis and Color Analysis
Published on: August 19, 2021
Crystal structure, photoluminescence and electroluminescence of three bluish green light-emitting iridium complexes
Qiu-Lei Xu1, Xiao Liang1, Liang Jiang1
1State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China. yxzheng@nju.edu.cn.
Abstract:
Three bis-cyclometalated iridium complexes ((TPP)2Ir(acac), (TPP)2Ir(tpip) and (TPP)2Ir(pic)) with 2-(2-trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-pyridine (TPP) as the main ligand, 2,4-pentanedionate (acac), tetraphenylimidodiphosphinate (tpip) and picolinate (pic) as the ancillary ligands, respectively, were prepared. Their photoluminescence and electrochemistry properties were investigated in detail, and (TPP)2Ir(tpip) was also examined by X-ray crystallography. These complexes show bluish green emission with a quantum efficiency of 11-14%. The organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) with the structure of ITO/TAPC (1,1-bis[4-(di-p-tolylamino)phenyl]cyclohexane, 40 nm)/mCP (1,3-bis(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzene, 10 nm)/Ir complex (8 wt%):PPO21 (3-(diphenylphosphoryl)-9-(4-(diphenylphosphoryl)phenyl)-9H-carbazole, 25 nm)/TmPyPB (1,3,5-tri(m-pyrid-3-yl-phenyl)benzene, 50 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (100 nm) were fabricated to evaluate the potential application of these complexes. A (TPP)2Ir(tpip) emitter based device showed the best performance of a maximum current efficiency (ηc) value of 37.61 cd A(-1) and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 13.7% with low efficiency roll-off.
Related Concept Videos
Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
A pair of electrons in a...
Photoluminescence: Applications
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Colors and Magnetism
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
Variables Affecting Phosphorescence and Fluorescence
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

