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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

8
Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
8
Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

3.4K
Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
3.4K
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

638
Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
638
Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

Spinal Nerves: Plexus II

3.1K
The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...
3.1K
Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

2.9K
The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
2.9K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Surface Electromyographic Biofeedback as a Rehabilitation Tool for Patients with Global Brachial Plexus Injury Receiving Bionic Reconstruction
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West Nile virus-associated brachial plexopathy.

Mandeep Chahil1, Thy Phuong Nguyen1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

BMJ Case Reports
|April 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

West Nile virus can cause rare brachial plexopathy, even in healthy individuals. High-dose corticosteroids showed improvement in this unique West Nile neuroinvasive disease case.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • West Nile virus (WNV) is a leading cause of arbovirus infections in the USA.
  • WNV typically presents asymptomatically or with mild symptoms in most infected individuals.
  • Neuroinvasive disease is a rare but severe complication of WNV infection.

Observation:

  • A rare case of WNV-associated brachial plexopathy is presented in a young, immunocompetent patient.
  • The patient did not exhibit cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis or encephalitis.
  • Symptoms improved subjectively and objectively following high-dose corticosteroid treatment.

Findings:

  • This case expands the known clinical spectrum of West Nile neuroinvasive disease.
  • Brachial plexopathy is identified as a potential neurological manifestation of WNV.

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A Simple Approach to Induce Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis in C57BL/6 Mice for Functional and Neuropathological Assessments
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Last Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Surface Electromyographic Biofeedback as a Rehabilitation Tool for Patients with Global Brachial Plexus Injury Receiving Bionic Reconstruction
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  • The efficacy of immunomodulatory treatment in WNV neurological complications is suggested.

    • Implications:

    • Highlights the diverse neurological presentations of West Nile virus.
    • Suggests a potential role for corticosteroids in managing WNV-induced brachial plexopathy.
    • Underscores the importance of considering WNV in the differential diagnosis of acute neurological syndromes.