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Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Clinical Practice Protocol of Creative Music Therapy for Preterm Infants and Their Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Published on: January 7, 2020
Immediate responses to individual dialogic music therapy in patients in low awareness states
Isolde Binzer1, Hans Ulrich Schmidt1, Tonius Timmermann1
1a Leopold Mozart Centre for Music and Music Education , Augsburg University , Augsburg , Germany.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to analyse immediate responses to individual dialogic music therapy (IDMT) of patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and individuals in a minimally conscious state (MCS) and to develop an assessment tool for IDMT.
Methods:
Seven patients were subjected to three conditions: (1) sounds and stimuli of the daily environment immediately before IDMT, (2) specific improvisational music therapy intended to establish a dialogue with the patient (IDMT) and (3) sounds and stimuli of the daily environment immediately after IDMT. Video recordings were analysed by six independent assessors using 'Music Therapy in a Vegetative or Minimally Conscious State (MUVES)', an assessment tool developed in this study. Diagnosis of UWS or MCS was established using the coma recovery scale-revised (CRS-R).
Results:
During IDMT, MUVES total score was higher than during the other conditions (mean difference = 3.36; p = 0.02). During IDMT, there was no significant difference in MUVES total score between the UWS and MCS sub-groups (p = 0.29). Mean inter-rater-reliability of MUVES total score was 0.76.
Conclusions:
IDMT may induce immediate responses in patients in low awareness states, particularly also in patients with UWS. MUVES appears to be an acceptably reliable assessment tool for IDMT.
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