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A Meta-Analysis to Determine if Lower Extremity Muscle Strengthening Should Be Included in Military Knee Overuse
Roger O Kollock1, Corey Andrews2, Ashlyn Johnston2
1Department of Kinesiology and Rehabilitative Sciences, University of Tulsa, OK.
Context:
Knee overuse injuries are the most common musculoskeletal complaints in military trainees and are common in active-duty warfighters. Muscle strengthening is usually recommended; however, research is conflicting in this area, which makes it difficult to develop effective screening, prevention, and training interventions for warfighters.
Objective:
To determine if lower extremity muscular weakness contributes to knee overuse injuries and identify specific muscular involvement.
Data Sources:
We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Military & Government Collection and reference lists of relevant articles published between January 1, 2000, and January 1, 2013.
Study Selection:
For inclusion, requirements were uninjured and injured groups; provision of the sample size, means, and standard deviations for all groups; identification of the specific muscles assessed; and clearly defined knee injury.
Data Extraction:
Sample size, sex, and muscle strength means and standard deviations.
Data Synthesis:
Twenty-five studies met these criteria. We used the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network algorithm to determine the appropriate tool for appraising article quality. Unweighted random-effects model meta-analyses were conducted. Separate meta-analyses were performed for the moderators of strength measurement scale (absolute or normalized muscle strength), muscle group, and sex. A weighted random-effects model with a Hedges g effect metric and 95% confidence intervals were used for comparison across studies.
Conclusions:
Our meta-analysis suggests that individuals with symptoms of a knee overuse injury have lower absolute and normalized hip muscle strength. Specifically, they had lower absolute hip external-rotator, knee-extensor, and knee-flexor strength, as well as lower normalized hip external-rotator, hip-extensor, and hip-abductor strength, compared with asymptomatic control participants. The findings suggest a possible link between lower hip and thigh strength and knee overuse injuries. Further research is needed to determine if weakness is a cause or a result of knee overuse injuries before screening and intervention can be developed for at-risk warfighters.
