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Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA for the Study of RNA-Protein Interactions: The IRE/IRP Example

Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA for the Study of RNA-Protein Interactions: The IRE/IRP Example

Published on: December 3, 2014

Beyond Mg(2+): functional interactions between RNA and transition metals.

Adam M Saunders¹, Victoria J DeRose¹

¹Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon Eugene, OR 97403, United States.

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology

|April 1, 2016

Summary

Transition metals, not just magnesium, are crucial for RNA function, influencing gene expression and cellular processes. Understanding these interactions is vital for RNA metallobiochemistry.

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Bioinorganic Chemistry

Background:

Cations, particularly Mg(2+), are known to stabilize RNA structure and function.
Emerging research reveals the significant role of transition metals in various RNA activities.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the expanding understanding of transition metal roles in RNA biochemistry.
To underscore the importance of diverse metal ions beyond Mg(2+) in RNA function.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent studies on RNA-metal interactions.
Analysis of specific RNA-metal binding sites and their functional consequences.

Main Results:

Discovery of riboswitches selectively binding Ni(2+), Co(2+), and Mn(2+), modulating gene expression.
Identification of exogenous metals like Pt(II) affecting cellular RNA.
Evidence of RNA hosting Fe(II) in catalytic sites, relevant to early life.

Conclusions:

Transition metals play a critical and diverse role in RNA structure, function, and regulation.
The field of RNA metallobiochemistry is expanding to include a wider array of metal ions.
These findings have implications for understanding gene regulation, therapeutics, and the origins of life.