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Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Use of Ultra-high Field MRI in Small Rodent Models of Polycystic Kidney Disease for In Vivo Phenotyping and Drug Monitoring
07:35

Use of Ultra-high Field MRI in Small Rodent Models of Polycystic Kidney Disease for In Vivo Phenotyping and Drug Monitoring

Published on: June 23, 2015

12.1K

Optimising the management of polycystic kidney disease

Declan Keenan, Alexander P Maxwell

    The Practitioner
    |April 2, 2016
    PubMed

    Insights

    Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited kidney disorder causing chronic kidney disease and renal failure. Early diagnosis and monitoring of risk factors like hypertension are crucial for managing PKD progression.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Genetics
    • Inherited Renal Disorders

    Background:

    • Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is the most prevalent inherited renal disorder, leading to chronic kidney disease.
    • It affects 1:500 to 1:1,000 individuals, with up to 10% of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients having a genetic cause like PKD.
    • A family history is not always present, occurring in only 75% of affected individuals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize the key aspects of Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD).
    • To highlight the clinical features, progression, and diagnosis of PKD.
    • To outline associated systemic complications and risk factors for disease advancement.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD).
    • Analysis of clinical features, inheritance patterns, and prevalence data.
    • Identification of diagnostic criteria and risk factors for progression.

    Main Results:

    • PKD is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by progressive cyst growth, kidney enlargement, and declining kidney function (eGFR).
    • Common symptoms include visible hematuria, loin pain, urinary tract infections (UTI), and hypertension.
    • Risk factors for progression include early diagnosis, large kidney volume, rapid cyst growth, hypertension, male gender, and visible hematuria.
    • Fifty percent of individuals require renal replacement therapy by age 60.
    • Multisystemic manifestations include liver cysts (80%), cerebral aneurysms (8%), and mitral valve prolapse (25%).

    Conclusions:

    • Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a significant cause of inherited chronic kidney disease and ESRD.
    • Early identification of risk factors and proactive management are essential for patients with PKD.
    • PKD is a systemic disease with potential complications affecting multiple organs beyond the kidneys.

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