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Updated: Mar 23, 2026
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Published on: May 25, 2021
The impact of microgravity on bone in humans
Daniela Grimm1, Jirka Grosse2, Markus Wehland3
1Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Abstract:
Experiencing real weightlessness in space is a dream for many of us who are interested in space research. Although space traveling fascinates us, it can cause both short-term and long-term health problems. Microgravity is the most important influence on the human organism in space. The human body undergoes dramatic changes during a long-term spaceflight. In this review, we will mainly focus on changes in calcium, sodium and bone metabolism of space travelers. Moreover, we report on the current knowledge on the mechanisms of bone loss in space, available models to simulate the effects of microgravity on bone on Earth as well as the combined effects of microgravity and cosmic radiation on bone. The available countermeasures applied in space will also be evaluated.
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