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Jeroen Rouwkema1, Ali Khademhosseini2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02319, USA; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.

Trends in Biotechnology
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Summary

Engineered tissues require functional vascular networks for successful implantation. This review explores strategies for creating organized vascular networks, including capillaries and arterioles, to ensure nutrient supply and improve tissue integration.

Keywords:
angiogenesismicroenvironmentmicrofabricationtissue engineeringvascularization

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Engineered tissues necessitate vascularization for nutrient and oxygen delivery post-implantation.
  • Integration with host vasculature is crucial for the survival and function of engineered tissues.
  • A highly organized vascular network, comprising venules, capillaries, and arterioles, is essential for uniform cell supply.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in engineering organized vascular networks for tissue constructs.
  • To discuss the importance of vascularization in the clinical application of tissue engineering.
  • To propose future research directions for developing optimal, functional vascular networks.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on vascular network engineering in tissue engineering.
  • Analysis of different approaches for in vitro vascular network formation and integration.
  • Synthesis of findings to identify key challenges and opportunities.

Main Results:

  • Various methods have been explored to incorporate organized vascular networks into tissue engineering constructs.
  • The complexity and organization of the vascular network directly impact nutrient delivery and cell viability.
  • Successful integration with host vasculature remains a critical challenge for clinical translation.

Conclusions:

  • Developing functional vascular networks is paramount for the clinical success of tissue engineering.
  • Continued research into advanced engineering strategies is needed to create clinically applicable vascularized tissues.
  • Future perspectives focus on achieving seamless integration and long-term patency of engineered vascular networks.