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Age differences in reactive strategies and execution time during choice stepping with visual interference.

Kazuki Uemura1, Midori Haruta2, Yasushi Uchiyama3

  • 1Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 461-8673, Japan.

European Journal of Applied Physiology
|April 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Older adults exhibit greater susceptibility to visual interference, impacting their stepping speed and leading to more errors. This suggests potential age-related deficits in motor control and inhibition.

Keywords:
AgingAttentionFallsInhibitionPostural balance

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Motor Control
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Aging is associated with changes in motor control and cognitive processing.
  • Visual interference can impact performance on motor tasks, particularly in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of visual interference from a flanker task on choice stepping execution in young and older adults.
  • To compare the effects of incongruent visual stimuli on reaction, anticipatory postural adjustment (APA), and swing phases of stepping.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-two young and 21 older adults performed a choice stepping task under neutral and flanker conditions (congruent/incongruent).
  • Measurements included step execution time and errors in anticipatory postural adjustment (APA).
  • Data were analyzed to assess performance across different task phases (reaction, APA, swing).

Main Results:

  • Visual incongruence significantly affected step execution times and APA phases more in older adults than in young adults.
  • Older adults showed smaller effects on the reaction phase compared to young adults.
  • Step execution times increased with APA errors in both groups, with a prominent increase in older adults under incongruent conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Older adults may be prone to making quicker decisions, increasing vulnerability to motor errors from visual interference.
  • Age-related deficits in postural control can be better identified by assessing inhibition and stepping performance concurrently.
  • Interference effects highlight potential age-related declines in cognitive-motor integration.