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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Vertebral Column01:27

Muscles of the Vertebral Column

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The back muscles that lie deep into the thoracolumbar fascia are called intrinsic or true back muscles. These muscles are divided into four layers: superficial, intermediate, deep, and deepest layers.
Superficial Layer:
The superficial layer consists primarily of the splenius muscles, which include the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis. These muscles are mainly responsible for the head and cervical spine movements, including extension, rotation, and lateral bending. The splenius capitis...
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Related Experiment Video

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Manual Therapy for a Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain Rat Model
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Massage for Low-back Pain.

Katrina Farber, L Susan Wieland

    Explore (New York, N.Y.)
    |April 2, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Massage may offer short-term pain relief for low back pain (LBP), but evidence for long-term effectiveness and functional improvement is limited. Further research is needed to confirm its benefits.

    Area of Science:

    • Evidence-based medicine
    • Musculoskeletal disorders
    • Rehabilitative therapies

    Background:

    • Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent and costly global health issue.
    • Massage therapy is explored for its potential to alleviate LBP and restore function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of massage therapy for individuals experiencing non-specific low back pain (LBP).

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic review and meta-analysis of 25 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 3096 participants.
    • Included studies focused on acute, sub-acute, and chronic non-specific LBP, comparing massage to inactive and active controls.
    • Data extraction and critical appraisal were performed by two independent reviewers, with evidence quality assessed as "low" to "very low" due to bias and imprecision.

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    Main Results:

    • Massage showed short-term benefits for pain in acute LBP compared to inactive controls.
    • For sub-acute and chronic LBP, massage improved pain and function short-term versus inactive controls, but not long-term.
    • Compared to active controls, massage improved pain short- and long-term, but not function.

    Conclusions:

    • Confidence in massage as an effective LBP treatment is low.
    • Short-term pain improvements were noted across LBP types, with functional gains seen only in sub-acute/chronic LBP versus inactive controls.
    • Minor adverse events like increased pain intensity were reported; no serious adverse events occurred.