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Electromembrane surrounded solid phase microextraction using electrochemically synthesized nanostructured polypyrrole

Elham Mohammadkhani1, Yadollah Yamini1, Maryam Rezazadeh1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|April 2, 2016
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Summary

This study introduces a novel electromembrane extraction method using conductive polypyrrole for analyzing antidepressants amitriptyline (AMI) and doxepin (DOX) in biological samples. The technique offers efficient extraction and sensitive detection for complex matrices.

Keywords:
Electromembrane extractionGas chromatographySolid phase microextractionUrineWhole blood

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is a widely used technique for sample preparation.
  • Conductive polymers offer unique properties for electrochemical applications.
  • Analysis of antidepressants in biological matrices requires sensitive and selective methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and optimize a novel electromembrane surrounded solid phase microextraction (EM-SPME) method.
  • To utilize conductive polypyrrole as both cathode and SPME sorbent for antidepressant extraction.
  • To determine the efficiency and applicability of the method for analyzing amitriptyline (AMI) and doxepin (DOX) in biological samples.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of a polypyrrole-coated fiber for EM-SPME.
  • Optimization of key parameters: polypyrrole preparation, pH, applied voltage, and extraction time.
  • Validation of the method using figures of merit in human whole blood and urine.
  • Application of the method for analyzing AMI and DOX in real samples.

Main Results:

  • Optimized EM-SPME method achieved high sample cleanup and clean chromatograms.
  • Excellent intra- and inter-assay precisions were obtained (3.1-7.5% and 7.6-12.3%).
  • Low detection limits were achieved: 0.15-0.05 ng/mL for AMI and 0.3-0.1 ng/mL for DOX in urine and blood, respectively.
  • High linearity was demonstrated with coefficients of determination > 0.9966.

Conclusions:

  • The developed EM-SPME method using polypyrrole is a sensitive and efficient technique for antidepressant analysis.
  • The method is suitable for analyzing drugs in complex biological matrices like blood and urine.
  • The approach offers a promising alternative for forensic and clinical analysis of antidepressants.