Neurology in the Vietnam War

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Military Medicine
• Public Health

Background:

• The Vietnam War necessitated a significant medical presence, including 19 neurologists serving 2-year tours.
• These neurologists provided care for American and allied forces, as well as civilians, in Army and Air Force facilities.

Observation:

• Neurologists encountered and treated unfamiliar neurological conditions such as cerebral malaria, Japanese B encephalitis, and toxic encephalitis from C-4 explosive exposure.
• They also observed sleep deprivation seizures in soldiers.

Findings:

• Studies on these wartime neurological conditions were published during and after the conflict.
• These publications contributed to the establishment and continuation of the Defense and Veterans Head Injury Study.
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was formally recognized in servicemen returning from Vietnam, though psychological impairments were noted in previous wars.

Implications:

• The work of Vietnam neurologists directly influenced research into the long-term effects of brain injury, particularly through the Defense and Veterans Head Injury Center.
• The recognition of PTSD marked a significant advancement in understanding and treating psychological trauma in military personnel.