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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

In Vitro Growth of Mouse Preantral Follicles Under Simulated Microgravity
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Simulated Microgravity Modulates Differentiation Processes of Embryonic Stem Cells.

Vaibhav Shinde, Sonja Brungs, Margit Henry

    Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry : International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology
    |April 2, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Simulated microgravity affects mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation, particularly impacting heart development. This study identifies key genes and pathways involved in cardiomyogenesis under altered gravity conditions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Space biology
    • Developmental biology
    • Stem cell research

    Background:

    • Studies on embryonic development in microgravity are limited.
    • Established an in vitro method to study mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) differentiation under simulated microgravity using a clinostat.
    • Aimed to capture gene signatures affected by altered gravity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of simulated microgravity on mESC differentiation.
    • To identify genes and biological pathways deregulated by altered gravity during embryonic development.
    • To understand the impact on cardiomyogenesis.

    Main Methods:

    • Cultured differentiating mESCs in a 2D pipette clinostat.
    • Utilized microarray and bioinformatics tools to analyze gene expression.
    • Compared gene signatures under simulated microgravity with reported studies on real microgravity.

    Main Results:

    • Simulated microgravity modulated genes involved in cytoskeleton, heart morphogenesis (Cyr61, Thbs1, Jun, Dll1), and signaling pathways (MAP kinase, focal adhesion).
    • Early germ layer differentiation and somatic cell type development were observed.
    • Inhibition of cardiomyocyte-specific gene expression and reduced embryoid body beating activity occurred after clinorotation followed by normal gravity cultivation.
    • Identified Gadd45g, Jun, Thbs1, Cyr61, and Dll1 as significantly modulated by simulated and real microgravity.

    Conclusions:

    • Simulated microgravity significantly impacts cardiomyogenesis, a key process in mESC differentiation.
    • Identified critical genes, signaling pathways, and biological processes affected by simulated microgravity relevant to stem cell differentiation.
    • Provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying embryonic development in altered gravity environments.