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Electron-bombarded ⟨110⟩-oriented tungsten tips for stable tunneling electron emission.

T K Yamada1, T Abe1, N M K Nazriq1

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Controlling electron-bombardment heating power is key to preparing tungsten tips for stable electron emission. This method prevents melting and ensures a robust atomic plane for reliable tunneling electron emission under strong electric fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science
  • Physics

Background:

  • Stable electron emission requires a clean tungsten (W) tip apex with a robust atomic plane.
  • Aqueous chemical etching creates impurity layers on W tips, necessitating ultra-high vacuum heating.
  • Overheating during treatment can melt the tip apex, leading to unstable electron emissions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively investigate W tip apex structures.
  • To develop a method for preparing W tips with stable tunneling electron emissions.
  • To determine the optimal electron-bombardment heating power for tip preparation.

Main Methods:

  • Field emission current-voltage (I-V) curves.
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
  • X-ray diffraction (XRD) including transmitted Debye-Scherrer and Laue methods with micro-parabola capillary.
  • Field ion microscopy (FIM).
  • Field emission microscopy (FEM).

Main Results:

  • Electron-bombardment heating of 10-40 W for 10 seconds effectively removes oxide layers and yields stable electron emission.
  • A heating power of approximately 60 W for 10 seconds was identified as the threshold for tip radius increase (+10 ± 5 nm), indicating the onset of melting.
  • A grain size of approximately 1000 nm in polycrystalline W wires is crucial for achieving a conical tip apex shape.

Conclusions:

  • Controlling electron-bombardment heating power is a viable method for preparing W tips with stable tunneling electron emissions.
  • Optimal heating parameters prevent tip melting while ensuring surface cleanliness.
  • The grain size of the W wire significantly influences the resulting tip apex morphology and emission stability.