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Measurements of Strain01:27

Measurements of Strain

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Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain...
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Design Example: Strain Gauge Bridge or Wheatstone Bridge01:15

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The utilization of strain gauges as transducers for converting mechanical strain into electrical signals is a common practice in various engineering applications. These strain gauges are frequently integrated into Wheatstone bridge circuits to accurately measure parameters such as force or pressure. Within this context, each element within the circuit exhibits a resistance that undergoes subtle variations when subjected to mechanical strain. The primary objective is to convert minuscule...
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Stress-Strain Diagram01:10

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A stress-strain diagram is a crucial tool that graphically displays a material's mechanical characteristics. This diagram is derived from a tensile test performed on a carefully prepared cylindrical specimen. The specimen has two gauge marks inscribed on its central part, and the distance between these marks is known as the gauge length. The cylindrical specimen is placed in a testing machine, which applies an increasing centric load. As this load grows, so does the gauge length. This...
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Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Production of a Strain-Measuring Device with an Improved 3D Printer
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Comparing a new laser strainmeter array with an adjacent, parallel running quartz tube strainmeter array.

Martin Kobe1, Thomas Jahr1, Wolfgang Pöschel2

  • 1Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, Germany.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|April 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

New laser strainmeters at Geodynamic Observatory Moxa show higher sensitivity and stability. This unique installation allows direct comparison with quartz tube strainmeters, establishing the laser system as a calibration reference.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Geodesy
  • Instrumentation

Background:

  • Geodynamic Observatory Moxa in Thuringia, Germany, houses a unique installation of two new laser strainmeters alongside an existing quartz tube strainmeter.
  • This setup enables the first direct comparison of horizontal length change measurements from different strainmeter types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the performance of new laser strainmeters against a traditional quartz tube strainmeter.
  • To evaluate the sensitivity, stability, and accuracy of laser strainmeters for geodynamic monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of three years of tidal data, strain signals from a shallow borehole, and long-period signals.
  • Frequency-dependent amplitude analysis of strain signals recorded by both instrument types.

Main Results:

  • Laser strainmeters exhibit tidal strain amplitude factors closer to theoretical values (85%-105% N-S, 56%-92% E-W) compared to quartz tube strainmeters.
  • Laser strainmeters demonstrate superior sensitivity in the short-periodic range with improved signal-to-noise ratio and better long-term stability against environmental drifts.
  • Frequency-dependent amplitude differences were observed between the two systems.

Conclusions:

  • The new laser strainmeter system is stable, high-resolution, and suitable as a calibration reference for quartz tube strainmeters.
  • Laser strainmeters offer enhanced performance for geodynamic measurements.