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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Clinical Application of Single-Surgeon, Three-Port, Laparoscopic Resection for Colorectal Cancer with Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction

Clinical Application of Single-Surgeon, Three-Port, Laparoscopic Resection for Colorectal Cancer with Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction

Published on: March 24, 2023

Lessons Learned from Traditional NOTES: A Historical Perspective.

Robert H Hawes¹

¹Center for Interventional Endoscopy, Florida Hospital Orlando, 601 E. Rollins St, Orlando, Florida 32803, USA.

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America

|April 3, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Natural orifice surgery, pioneered by Kantsevoy and Kalloo, involves endoscopic procedures through body orifices. The original concept focused on flexible endoscopic surgery via the mouth into the peritoneal cavity.

Keywords:

Natural orifice surgery Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)Therapeutic endoscopy White paper

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Area of Science:

Minimally Invasive Surgery
Gastroenterology
Surgical Innovation

Background:

The concept of natural orifice surgery emerged in the late 1990s.
The Apollo Group was formed in 1997 by surgeons dedicated to advancing therapeutic endoscopy.
Innovation in techniques and technologies was central to their mission.

Observation:

The initial meeting to discuss natural orifice surgery was held in 1998.
The original concept involved per-oral passage of a flexible endoscope.
The goal was to access the peritoneal cavity via a gastrostomy.

Findings:

Flexible endoscopic surgery was proposed as a key technique.
Access to the peritoneal cavity was envisioned through the stomach.
The gastrostomy route was identified for entry.

Implications:

This laid the groundwork for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES).
It represented a significant shift towards less invasive surgical approaches.
The development paved the way for future endoscopic innovations.