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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

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Electrical stimulation with non-implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults.

Fiona Stewart1, Orsi L F Gameiro, Regina El Dib

  • 1Academic Urology Unit, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK, AB25 2ZD.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|April 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Electrical stimulation (ES) for overactive bladder (OAB) appears more effective than no treatment or drug therapy. However, evidence comparing ES to conservative treatments or different ES methods remains insufficient.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Neuromodulation
  • Evidence-based medicine

Background:

  • Overactive bladder (OAB) management includes electrical stimulation (ES) with non-implanted devices, conservative treatments, and medications.
  • Non-implanted ES aims to reduce detrusor muscle contractions, potentially alleviating urinary frequency and urgency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of non-implanted ES for OAB.
  • Comparisons include ES versus placebo/sham, ES versus other active treatments, and ES added to other interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials.
  • Searched multiple databases up to December 2014, including Cochrane, MEDLINE, and ClinicalTrials.gov.
  • Included adults with OAB, with or without urgency urinary incontinence; excluded stress urinary incontinence.

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Last Updated: Mar 23, 2026

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Main Results:

  • Moderate-quality evidence shows ES improves OAB symptoms more than placebo/sham treatments.
  • Moderate-quality evidence indicates ES is more effective than drug treatments for OAB symptoms.
  • Low-quality evidence suggests higher adverse effects with oxybutynin and tolterodine compared to ES.
  • Insufficient evidence exists for ES versus conservative treatments or for comparing different ES methods.

Conclusions:

  • Electrical stimulation (ES) demonstrates greater efficacy than placebo and drug treatments for overactive bladder (OAB).
  • Further well-designed trials are needed to compare ES with conservative therapies and evaluate different ES modalities.
  • High-quality research focusing on subjective outcomes and adverse events is crucial for advancing OAB management.