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Cognitive and connectome properties detectable through individual differences in graphomotor organization.

Melissa Lamar1, Olusola Ajilore1, Alex Leow2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.

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|April 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Using anchor digits on the digitized Clock Drawing Test (dCDT) is linked to better executive function and memory. This graphomotor organization also correlates with enhanced brain connectivity in specific regions.

Keywords:
AgingClock drawingDigital Clock drawingExecutive functioningHuman connectomeNeural network

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Graphomotor organization, the way movements are structured, is not fully understood in relation to cognitive function.
  • The digitized Clock Drawing Test (dCDT) offers a novel way to assess graphomotor skills.
  • Brain structural connectivity, particularly through tractography, provides insights into neural networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between graphomotor organization during dCDT and cognitive performance.
  • To explore differences in brain structural connectomes between individuals using distinct dCDT strategies.
  • To link graphomotor patterns to specific neural network properties and cognitive domains.

Main Methods:

  • Categorized 72 non-demented/non-depressed adults into 'anchorers' and 'non-anchorers' based on dCDT digit placement.
  • Compared groups on dCDT metrics, executive functioning, and learning/memory/recognition tasks.
  • Analyzed tractography-derived structural connectomes for differences in local and modular integration.

Main Results:

  • 'Anchorers' used fewer strokes on dCDT and showed superior performance in executive functioning and memory tasks.
  • 'Anchorers' exhibited higher local efficiency in specific cortical regions (e.g., orbitofrontal, temporal, frontal gyri).
  • 'Anchorers' demonstrated greater modular integration within the ventral visual processing stream.

Conclusions:

  • An easily observable graphomotor distinction on dCDT is associated with better cognitive performance.
  • This graphomotor pattern correlates with enhanced local and modular brain network integration.
  • Findings deepen understanding of brain-behavior relationships in graphomotor organization and cognitive function.