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Bovine viral diarrhea virus structural protein E2 as a complement regulatory protein
Agustín Ostachuk1,2,3
1Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina. aostachuk@unsam.edu.ar.
Archives of Virology
|April 3, 2016
Summary
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) E2 glycoprotein inhibits the host immune system. This study reveals E2 acts as a complement regulatory protein, a novel immune evasion mechanism for BVDV.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a widespread cattle pathogen causing significant economic losses.
- BVDV establishes persistent infections and evades immune responses, but the mechanism of innate immune system evasion remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of the BVDV E2 glycoprotein as a complement regulatory protein.
- To elucidate a novel immune evasion strategy employed by BVDV.
Main Methods:
- Stable Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO-K1) cell lines expressing soluble and transmembrane forms of BVDV E2 glycoprotein were generated.
- Complement-mediated cell lysis and DNA fragmentation were assessed in cells expressing E2 compared to control cells.
Main Results:
- BVDV E2 glycoprotein reduced complement-mediated cell lysis by up to 40%.
- E2 glycoprotein decreased complement-mediated DNA fragmentation by 50%.
- These findings demonstrate E2's function as a complement regulatory protein.
Conclusions:
- The study provides the first evidence of BVDV E2 glycoprotein acting as a complement regulatory protein.
- This represents a significant mechanism by which BVDV evades the host innate immune system.
- It is proposed that E2 functions as a self-associated molecular pattern (SAMP), promoting immune tolerance.
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