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Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments
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Numerosity underestimation in sets with illusory contours.

Atanas Kirjakovski1, Eriko Matsumoto1

  • 1Graduate School of Intercultural Studies, Kobe University, 1-2-1 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.

Vision Research
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual perception of number, or numerosity, is underestimated when items are grouped by illusory contours. This effect depends on contour visibility and numerical range, suggesting segmented perception influences numerosity estimation.

Keywords:
Configural processingIllusory contoursNumerosity estimationObject perceptionSegmentation

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • Previous research indicates that visual numerosity estimation can be influenced by configural processing, where grouping elements (e.g., lines) lead to underestimation.
  • Task-irrelevant lines may introduce confounds like distraction or obscuring target items, necessitating alternative methods to study configural influences on numerosity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of perceived scene segmentation in visual numerosity estimation.
  • To examine whether illusory contours, as a form of segmentation, affect numerosity perception.
  • To determine the influence of illusory contour visibility and numerical range on this effect.

Main Methods:

  • Four experiments were conducted using Kanizsa-type illusory contours (e.g., c-shaped inducers) to create segmented visual displays.
  • Participants performed simultaneous numerosity discrimination tasks, comparing a reference pattern to a test pattern with varying item counts.
  • The number of illusory contours was manipulated to alter the perceived connectedness of the displays.

Main Results:

  • Underestimation of numerosity increased with the number of illusory contours in experiments with easily perceived contours and moderate numerical ranges (Experiments 1 & 2).
  • This underestimation effect was absent when illusory contours were less perceptible or when larger numerosities were presented (Experiments 3 & 4).

Conclusions:

  • Visual numerosity estimation is influenced by perceived segmentation, supporting the idea that segmented inputs are crucial.
  • The impact of segmentation on numerosity perception is contingent on the clarity of the segmentation (illusory contours) and the overall numerical range presented.
  • These findings refine our understanding of how visual grouping principles affect the fundamental ability to estimate quantity.