Using epicardial pacing electrodes
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Updated: Sep 17, 2026

Impact of Intracardiac Neurons on Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmogenesis in an Ex Vivo Langendorff System
Published on: May 22, 2018
Abstract:
Epicardial pacing electrodes are a widely used tool for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias in cardiac surgical patients. This article describes the use of epicardial pacing wires, differentiation of unipolar and bipolar electrograms, and atrial electrogram interpretation. Diagnosis and treatment of dysrhythmias with atrial pacing is described, as is trouble-shooting. A case study and nursing diagnoses are used to illustrate the clinical applicability of epicardial pacing electrodes.
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