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The challenges of outcome research
Lene Juel Kjeldsen1, Trine Rune Høgh Nielsen2, Charlotte Olesen3
1The Danish Research Unit for Hospital Pharmacy, Amgros I/S, Copenhagen, Denmark. ljk@amgros.dk.
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
|April 4, 2016
Summary
Choosing the right outcome measures is crucial for cognitive pharmacy trials. "Soft" endpoints like quality of life are often more suitable than "hard" endpoints for evaluating these complex interventions.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacoeconomics
- Clinical Pharmacy
- Health Services Research
Background:
- Cognitive pharmacy trials aim to identify patient-benefiting interventions.
- Outcome measures are key to evaluating intervention benefits, but optimal choices remain unclear.
- Cognitive pharmacy interventions are complex, targeting symptom control, medication use, and risk reduction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the challenges in selecting optimal outcome measures for cognitive pharmacy trials.
- To discuss the suitability of different types of endpoints for evaluating cognitive pharmacy interventions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and conceptual analysis of outcome measurement in cognitive pharmacy.
- Discussion of the characteristics of cognitive pharmacy interventions and their impact on endpoint selection.
Main Results:
- "Hard" endpoints (e.g., mortality, hospital admissions) may be insensitive to cognitive pharmacy interventions.
- "Soft" endpoints, including adverse drug events, drug-related problems, quality of life, and patient satisfaction, are often more appropriate.
- Selection of outcome measures is influenced by study design, intervention type, and patient population.
Conclusions:
- Optimal outcome measure selection is critical yet challenging in cognitive pharmacy research.
- "Soft" endpoints are generally more suitable for capturing the benefits of cognitive pharmacy interventions.
- Consideration of multiple factors beyond outcome measures is essential for successful outcome research.
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