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Effects of Morphine on Behavioral Task Performance in SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques.

Joanne K Marcario¹, Gurudutt Pendyala², Mariam Riazi¹

¹Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., mailstop 3043, Kansas City, KS, 66160-7336, USA.

Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology : the Official Journal of the Society on Neuroimmune Pharmacology

|April 4, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic morphine use and SIV infection worsen behavioral deficits in macaques. Morphine alone caused declines, and combined with SIV, led to further motor skill impairment, especially with high CSF viral loads.

Keywords:

AIDS Behavior Forelimb force Morphine Motor skill Progressive ratio SIV

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Behavioral Science
Infectious Disease Research

Background:

Opiate abuse, particularly morphine, exacerbates neuropathogenesis and impacts behavior in HIV-infected individuals.
Understanding the combined effects of morphine and SIV/HIV is crucial for managing neurological and behavioral comorbidities.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize behavioral changes in rhesus macaques under chronic morphine administration and SIV infection.
To investigate the synergistic effects of morphine and SIV on motor skills, forelimb force, and motivation.

Main Methods:

Rhesus macaques underwent baseline behavioral assessments (motor skill, forelimb force, progressive ratio tasks).
Animals received chronic morphine or saline, followed by infection with neurovirulent SIVmac strains in a subset.
Behavioral performance was monitored throughout baseline, morphine-dependency, and post-infection periods.

Main Results:

Morphine administration alone significantly decreased performance across all tested behavioral tasks compared to controls.
Infection with SIV led to further significant declines in motor skills for the morphine-plus-SIV group.
Behavioral decline correlated with high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral loads, not necessarily plasma viral loads.

Conclusions:

Morphine significantly induces behavioral deficits.
Morphine acts synergistically with SIV/HIV infection to exacerbate behavioral impairments.
CSF viral load is a key indicator of morphine and SIV-induced behavioral dysfunction.