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JenaTron - An Experimental Approach to Study the Effects of Plant History and Soil History on Grassland Ecosystem Functioning
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Bird functional diversity decreases with time since disturbance: Does patchy prescribed fire enhance ecosystem

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    Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America
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    Patchy prescribed fire sustains avian functional diversity by creating heterogeneous vegetation, enhancing resource partitioning and ecosystem services like seed dispersal. Time since fire (TSF) impacts functional richness and dispersion, but not species richness.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ecology
    • Conservation Biology
    • Wildlife Management

    Background:

    • Species diversity is linked to time since disturbance, but fire's impact on functional diversity remains unclear.
    • Functional diversity, measuring trait distribution, connects species changes to ecosystem function.
    • Increasing fire frequency necessitates understanding time since fire (TSF) effects on functional diversity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Examine avian functional diversity responses to TSF and environmental heterogeneity (plant and structural diversity).
    • Investigate how TSF, plant diversity, and structural heterogeneity influence avian species richness and functional diversity indices.
    • Identify traits of birds prevalent in recently burned areas to understand ecosystem service provision.

    Main Methods:

    • Conducted bird surveys across a 70-year chronosequence in four Australian vegetation types.
    • Calculated four functional diversity indices (richness, evenness, divergence, dispersion) using six avian traits.
    • Employed mixed models to analyze TSF, plant, and structural diversity effects; used regression trees for trait identification.

    Main Results:

    • Functional richness and dispersion decreased with TSF, indicating recent fires create heterogeneity and resource partitioning opportunities.
    • Species richness showed no significant association with TSF, suggesting it's an unreliable surrogate for functional diversity.
    • Functional evenness positively correlated with structural heterogeneity across all vegetation types.

    Conclusions:

    • Patchy prescribed fire promotes avian functional diversity and ecosystem services (seed dispersal, insect control) by increasing vegetation heterogeneity.
    • Controlled, patchy fire application can break up mature vegetation, enhancing overall ecosystem function.
    • Fine-scale structural variation is crucial for enhancing ecosystem function, independent of TSF.