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Drug Distribution: Tissue Binding01:21

Drug Distribution: Tissue Binding

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Upon entering the systemic circulation, drugs can distribute into the interstitial and intracellular fluid of various tissue cells. This distribution is facilitated by the binding of drugs to different cellular components within tissues, which may lead to drug accumulation in specific areas. Drugs bound to tissue components serve as reservoirs that release free drugs back into the system, prolonging the drug's overall action. However, this accumulation can also result in local toxicity.
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Tissue-Drug Binding: Localization of Drugs and its Significance01:24

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Body tissues, comprising approximately 40% of the body weight, are crucial in drug distribution and localization. These tissues can serve as drug storage sites, competing with plasma binding sites for drug molecules.
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Functionalization of Ti Implants
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Does titanium in ionic form display a tissue-specific distribution?

Magdalena Golasik1, Pawel Wrobel2, Magdalena Olbert3

  • 1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Ingardena 3, Krakow, 30-060, Poland.

Biometals : an International Journal on the Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry, and Medicine
|April 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study tracked ionic titanium distribution in rats, finding it mainly accumulates in kidneys. Ionic titanium in the liver correlates with calcium, offering insights into titanium implant safety.

Keywords:
Micro synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray fluorescenceOrgan distributionRat tissuesTitanium

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Materials Science
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Titanium implants are widely used, but the body's handling of released ionic titanium is not well understood.
  • Previous research focused on titanium nanoparticles, not ionic forms, leaving a gap in toxicokinetic data.
  • Understanding ionic titanium distribution is crucial for assessing long-term health risks associated with titanium implants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the toxicokinetics and biodistribution of ionic titanium in rat organs.
  • To determine how administration route (intravenous vs. oral) and duration affect titanium distribution.
  • To explore potential interactions of ionic titanium with essential elements in the body.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized micro synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray fluorescence (µ-SRXRF) for high-resolution elemental mapping.
  • Administered ionic titanium intravenously and orally to rats over single and 30-day periods.
  • Analyzed titanium distribution and compartmentalization in the liver, spleen, and kidneys.

Main Results:

  • Ionic titanium was primarily retained in the kidneys following both administration routes.
  • Non-uniform titanium distribution was observed in the liver, with some aggregates showing calcium enrichment.
  • Correlation analysis indicated that titanium did not displace essential elements and showed a strong correlation with calcium in the liver.
  • Two-dimensional elemental maps revealed administration-route and time-dependent distribution patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Micro synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray fluorescence (µ-SRXRF) is effective for mapping ionic titanium distribution within organs.
  • Ionic titanium exhibits distinct accumulation patterns in kidneys and liver, influenced by exposure.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms of ionic titanium accumulation and inform health risk assessments for titanium implants.