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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Diarrheagenic and uropathogenic *E. coli* strains possess distinct virulence factors, including Shiga toxins (stx1, stx2) and cytolethal distending toxin (cdt).
  • Virulence genes are located on chromosomes, plasmids, or pathogenicity islands (PAIs), contributing to bacterial pathogenicity.
  • Understanding the distribution of these genes is crucial for classifying and characterizing *E. coli* isolates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the presence and prevalence of specific virulence genes (stx1, stx2, cdt, hly, espP, katP, sfpA, etpD, fliC, fimH) in clinical isolates of cdt-positive *E. coli*.
  • To analyze the patterns of virulence gene distribution among different cdt isotypes.
  • To utilize gene profiling for clustering and characterizing *E. coli* isolates.

Main Methods:

  • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was employed to detect the presence of selected virulence genes.
  • Clinical isolates of *E. coli* positive for cdt were analyzed.
  • Gene presence and patterns were statistically analyzed and correlated with cdt isotypes.

Main Results:

  • The *etpD* and *katP* genes were highly prevalent (85.7%) in cdtII isolates, while *katP* was also common (83.3%) in cdtI isolates.
  • The *espP* gene was most detected (42.85%) in cdtIII isolates, and the *hly* gene was prominent (71.42%) in the same subtype.
  • *stx1* gene was universally detected (100%) in cdtII, cdtIV, and cdtV types, indicating its significant role in these *E. coli* pathotypes.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully identified and profiled the distribution of key virulence genes in cdt-positive *E. coli* clinical isolates.
  • Specific virulence gene patterns were observed across different cdt isotypes, suggesting distinct pathogenic mechanisms.
  • The presence and patterns of virulence genes can serve as valuable markers for the classification and epidemiological surveillance of *E. coli*.