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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

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A Prediction Formula for Double Product in Pregnancy.

Anita Teli1, Shrilaxmi Bagali2, Ravi Ghatanatti3

  • 1Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, KLE's J N Medical College , Belagavi, Karnataka, India .

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR
|April 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Maternal double product significantly increases throughout pregnancy, driven by elevated heart rate and stroke volume. This finding aids in early detection of preeclampsia and myocardial infarction in pregnant women.

Keywords:
Acute myocardial infarctionDiastolic blood pressureHeart rateMyocardial oxygen demandSystolic blood pressure

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Pregnancy involves significant maternal cardiovascular adaptations.
  • The double product (heart rate × systolic blood pressure) reflects myocardial oxygen demand and cardiac workload.
  • Elevated double product is a risk factor in hypertensive individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the changes in double product across pregnancy trimesters.
  • To compare double product levels between pregnant women and non-pregnant controls.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 220 healthy women (18-35 years).
  • Groups included 60 subjects each in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters, plus 40 non-pregnant controls.
  • Cardiovascular parameters were analyzed using ANOVA and Pearson's correlation.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant increase in double product was observed throughout pregnancy (p=0.000).
  • The duration of pregnancy was identified as a predictor of the double product.
  • Increased heart rate and stroke volume contribute to the elevated double product.

Conclusions:

  • Double product increases progressively during pregnancy due to physiological cardiovascular changes.
  • It serves as a valuable predictor for early identification of preeclampsia and acute myocardial infarction in pregnant women.
  • Early identification facilitates timely management of pregnancy-related cardiovascular complications.