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Japanese Encephalitis Complicated with Obstructive Hydrocephalus.

Vivek Suman1, Ujjawal Roy2, Ajay Panwar3

  • 1Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College , New Delhi, India .

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR
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Summary

Japanese Encephalitis (JE), a viral infection, can present with unusual complications like hydrocephalus. This case report details a rare presentation of JE, emphasizing its diverse clinical and imaging findings.

Keywords:
CulexElevated intracranial pressureFlavivirusHaemorrhagic encephalitisHerniation syndromes

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is a significant arboviral encephalitis globally.
  • It is caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a flavivirus.
  • JE has caused major encephalitis epidemics in the Indian subcontinent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of Japanese Encephalitis presenting with hydrocephalus.
  • To highlight the diverse clinical and neuroimaging findings of JE.
  • To aid in refining management strategies for JE.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 36-year-old female with fever, headache, and altered sensorium.
  • Funduscopic examination revealed papilledema.
  • Brain MRI demonstrated hemorrhagic encephalitis and obstructive hydrocephalus.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IgM ELISA confirmed JE virus infection.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with typical JE symptoms and neurological deficits.
  • Neuroimaging revealed atypical findings of hemorrhagic encephalitis and obstructive hydrocephalus.
  • CSF serology confirmed Japanese Encephalitis as the causative agent.
  • Literature review found no prior reports of JE complicated by hydrocephalus.

Conclusions:

  • This case underscores the varied presentations of Japanese Encephalitis.
  • Hydrocephalus is a rare but possible complication of JE.
  • Recognizing atypical features is crucial for timely diagnosis and management of JE.