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Related Experiment Videos

Cardiac tamponade: characteristic Doppler observations.

D J Burstow1, J K Oh, K R Bailey

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.

Mayo Clinic Proceedings
|March 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Doppler echocardiography reveals abnormal respiratory variations in diastolic filling, indicating hemodynamic compromise in cardiac tamponade. This noninvasive method aids in diagnosing this serious condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Cardiac tamponade presents with abnormal respiratory variation in diastolic filling.
  • Pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography is a noninvasive imaging technique.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize diastolic filling abnormalities in cardiac tamponade using Doppler echocardiography.
  • To assess the utility of Doppler echocardiography in detecting hemodynamic compromise.

Main Methods:

  • Doppler echocardiography was used to record left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time and transvalvular/hepatic venous flow velocities.
  • 28 patients with pericardial effusion (16 with tamponade, 12 without) and 20 controls were studied.
  • Respiratory phase and Doppler data were recorded simultaneously; repeat scans were performed post-pericardiocentesis in some patients.

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Main Results:

  • Patients with cardiac tamponade showed significantly increased respiratory variations in transvalvular flow velocities and isovolumic relaxation time compared to controls and patients without tamponade.
  • Exaggerated expiratory decrease in diastolic forward flow and increased hepatic vein reverse flow were characteristic of cardiac tamponade.
  • These abnormalities resolved or lessened after pericardiocentesis in most patients.

Conclusions:

  • Doppler echocardiography effectively detects characteristic diastolic filling abnormalities in cardiac tamponade.
  • This technique provides a noninvasive means to identify hemodynamic compromise in patients with pericardial effusion.
  • Doppler echocardiography is a valuable tool for managing cardiac tamponade.