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Related Concept Videos

Theory of Strong Electrolytes01:23

Theory of Strong Electrolytes

62
The interionic forces of the strong electrolytes depend on the solvent's dielectric constant, which is the ability of a solvent to store electrical energy, based on its polarizability. and the solution's concentration. In high-dielectric solvents and in dilute solutions, weak electrostatic forces keep ions apart. However, in low-dielectric solvents or concentrated solutions, stronger interionic forces may cause ions to pair up as ionic doublets despite being fully ionized. The theory of strong...
62
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

135.0K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
135.0K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

53.7K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
53.7K
Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

166
The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
166
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.8K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.8K
Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

45.0K
Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
45.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

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Single-Ion Block Copoly(ionic liquid)s as Electrolytes for All-Solid State Lithium Batteries.

Luca Porcarelli1, Alexander S Shaplov2, Maitane Salsamendi3

  • 1GAME Lab, Department of Applied Science and Technology, DISAT, Politecnico di Torino , Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|April 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel single-ion conducting block copolymer polyelectrolytes for safer, high-performance lithium-ion batteries. These materials prevent ion concentration gradients, enhancing power delivery and battery efficiency.

Keywords:
block copolymerlithium batterypoly(ionic liquid)spolymer electrolytesingle-ion conductorsolid state

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Conventional liquid electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) pose safety risks.
  • Concentration gradients in polymer electrolytes limit power delivery.
  • Single-ion conducting polyelectrolytes offer a solution by preventing polarization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a new family of single-ion conducting block copolymer polyelectrolytes.
  • To evaluate their potential as solid electrolytes and binders in lithium-metal batteries.
  • To address the limitations of conventional polymer electrolytes in LIBs.

Main Methods:

  • Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique.
  • Synthesis of copolymers comprising poly(lithium 1-[3-(methacryloyloxy)propylsulfonyl]-1-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate blocks.
  • Characterization of thermal, ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and lithium-ion transference properties.

Main Results:

  • Polyelectrolytes exhibited low glass transition temperatures (Tg) from -61 to 0.6 °C.
  • Achieved high ionic conductivity (up to 1.2 × 10⁻⁵ S cm⁻¹ at 55 °C) and a lithium-ion transference number of 0.83.
  • Demonstrated wide electrochemical stability (up to 4.5 V vs. Li⁺/Li).
  • Utilized in lithium-metal battery prototypes, showing high charge/discharge efficiency and specific capacity (up to 130 mAh g⁻¹ at C/15).

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized single-ion conducting block copolymers are promising solid electrolytes and binders for advanced LIBs.
  • These materials offer enhanced safety and improved power delivery compared to conventional electrolytes.
  • The study highlights the potential of tailored block copolymers for high-performance energy storage applications.