Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

5.0K
The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...
5.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hippocampal atrophy and functional plasticity underlie cognitive outcome in anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 encephalitis and their clinical correlates.

Epilepsia·2026
Same author

Seizure and electroencephalographic characteristics in anti-LGI1 encephalitis.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2025
Same author

Permeability of the blood-CSF barrier in MOGAD: clinical correlation based on the 2023 diagnostic criteria.

Annals of medicine·2025
Same author

Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS): contemporary advances and current controversies.

Journal of neurology·2024
Same author

Anti-adenylate kinase 5 encephalitis: Clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management of this rare entity.

Journal of translational autoimmunity·2023
Same author

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibody overlapping syndrome: insights from the recent case reports.

Clinical and experimental immunology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation
11:12

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation

Published on: July 16, 2014

23.3K

Frequency-Specific Local Synchronization Changes in Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia.

Zhi-Rong Liu1, Huan-Huan Miao, Yang Yu

  • 1From the Department of Neurology (Z-RL, M-PD), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medial College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders and the Affiliated Hospital (H-HM, YY, WL), Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments (H-HM, YY, WL), Hangzhou, China; Mental Health Education and Counseling Center (YY), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and Center for Information in BioMedicine (WL), Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

Medicine
|April 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Neuroimaging reveals distinct brain activity patterns differentiating paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia with dystonia (PKD-D) from PKD with chorea (PKD-C). These findings offer new insights into PKD pathophysiology.

More Related Videos

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale
07:35

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale

Published on: July 8, 2025

1.6K
Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
10:22

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Published on: December 6, 2016

21.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation
11:12

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation

Published on: July 16, 2014

23.3K
Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale
07:35

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale

Published on: July 8, 2025

1.6K
Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
10:22

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Published on: December 6, 2016

21.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) diagnosis relies heavily on clinical presentation due to undefined neurobiological differences.
  • Distinguishing between PKD with dystonia (PKD-D) and PKD with chorea (PKD-C) is challenging.
  • Understanding PKD pathophysiology could improve diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neuroimaging differences between PKD-D and PKD-C using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).
  • To identify specific brain activity patterns that can differentiate PKD subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • rs-fMRI was performed on 22 patients with PKD-D, 10 with PKD-C, and 32 healthy controls.
  • Regional homogeneity (ReHo) was used to measure local synchronization.
  • Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to distinguish between PKD-C and PKD-D.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in cortical-basal ganglia circuitry were observed between PKD-D and PKD-C at a specific frequency.
  • Abnormal spontaneous brain activity was detected in the right precuneus, right putamen, and right angular gyrus in both PKD groups.
  • These differences were particularly evident in the slow-5 frequency band (0.01-0.027 Hz).

Conclusions:

  • Frequency-specific abnormal local synchronization provides novel insights into the pathophysiology of PKD subtypes.
  • Neuroimaging may offer a more objective method for differentiating PKD-D from PKD-C in the future.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the neurobiological underpinnings of PKD.