3D printing of functional biomaterials for tissue engineering

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Regenerative Medicine
• Materials Science

Background:

• 3D printing offers advanced capabilities for creating intricate 3D cell cultures within biomimetic architectures.
• Tissue engineering relies on sophisticated methods to construct functional tissue substitutes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review prevailing 3D bioprinting techniques and their recent applications in tissue engineering.
• To emphasize light-assisted bioprinting methods, specifically digital light processing (DLP) and two-photon polymerization (TPP).
• To discuss the critical role of 3D bioprinting vascular networks for tissue viability and maturation.

Main Methods:

• Review of established 3D bioprinting technologies including inkjet and extrusion-based methods.
• Detailed discussion of emerging light-assisted techniques: digital light processing (DLP) and two-photon polymerization (TPP).
• Focus on strategies for bioprinting vascular networks within engineered tissues.

Main Results:

• Inkjet and extrusion bioprinting have seen significant advancements.
• Digital light processing (DLP) and two-photon polymerization (TPP) offer high resolution and precision for complex structures.
• Successful bioprinting of vascular networks is crucial for nutrient delivery and tissue function.

Conclusions:

• 3D bioprinting is a transformative technology for tissue engineering.
• Light-assisted techniques provide enhanced capabilities for creating sophisticated tissue constructs.
• Addressing limitations and exploring future directions are key for advancing functional tissue bioprinting.